Sunday, March 27, 2022

 Birth Pangs 

A short story 

Anjana Susarla

 

Amala paused on the threshold of her home, clutching her schoolbag and lunchbox, and trying to balance the model she had built for her science project. 

 

Amma impatiently called out, “don’t forget, we have to go to Lakshmi Aunty’s son’s birthday function. I kept your purple frock for you to change into when you reach home.” 

 

It was there again, that sound, a faint, insistent moan, something that barely registered on her conscious in the morning, fused between the news on the radio, the women jostling at the municipal tap, the hum of conversation from the people waiting in line at the milk booth, and the chanting of stotras from the neighbor’s morning pooja routine. Her parents privately made fun of this ritual and pointed out where the elderly lady mispronounced the Sanskrit syllables. For Amala, this was just part of the atonal disharmony that was the makeup of the street where they lived. 

 

But as she stepped out of her home, the moan as it were was rising in pitch above the din of the streets during the relatively becalmed morning hour before the stampede of kids from the elementary school. 

 

The narrow dusty street with the huge Siva Temple on one end and the revenue office on the other end was always full of noise and activity. The sounds from the Temple processions and political rallies mingled with the everyday cacophony from the prayers or the noisy schoolkids from the municipal elementary school ground, the peals of distant church bells, the flower sellers outside the temple market, and the vegetable hawkers were rhythmically punctuated by sounds of automobiles, rickshaws jostling, squabbles near the corner kirana store, the hubbub from nearby tea stall, and the vendors of street food. 

 

Today they had tryouts in PT, which meant her canvas shoes had to be whitened. They were still a bit damp, but it would have to do. Amala’s preferred activity during PT class was to feign a stomachache so she could get away from the swarming playground and browse in the relatively deserted school library. Feigning stomachache during everyday class was one thing, but to fake illness in a school test was a more serious breach that Amala knew she would never even attempt. 

 

“Amma, what is that sound? Sounds like someone is crying!”

 

Amma did not pay attention to her, absorbed in the newspaper. 

 

“But Amma, it sounds like someone is crying!”

 

Amma looked up. “Must be one of the lads at the kirana and their endless bickering! Run along, child. Look, Sundari is here.” 

 

Sundari was her classmate. The two girls were in the same school since they were three, the days when the kids, not much older than toodlers were supposed to take afternoon naps in the schoolroom. Walking to school together was a daily ritual. 

 

Amala thought of mentioning the insistent sound of what seemed like someone crying, but Sundari had her Delhi cousins visiting. It seemed her cousins would be moving to their town. One of them, Rajeswari, would actually be in their class. Amidst this excitement and glamor of a new visitor in their life, all Amala’sobservations were forgotten and the girls barely registered when they reached school.   

 

***

 

The cry sounded like a plaintive moan by the time Amala rushed back home from school in the late afternoon. Caught up in the activity for the upcoming science day, the sports trials, which despite her professed hate for all physical activity, Amala enjoyed and the hubbub over Sundari’s cousin, Amala forgot all about the crying in the morning. When she reached home, her mother’s friend, Sarojini, was in the sitting room. Sarojini Aunty was going to accompany them. Amala wanted to ask about the moan but felt more than a little mortified at the contrast between the cool and collected Sarojini Aunty, powdered and beflowered in her floating chiffon and her own bedraggled appearance with disheveled school uniform and unkempt hair. Amala wanted to rush inside and change at once, but Sarojini Aunty was full of solicitous inquiries about her classmates and school. Amma finally admonished both of them to stop talking and make sure Amala would get ready. Amala, abashed, submitted to Amma’s ministrations and obediently acquiesced to wearing the purple frock with enamel hairclips to match. 

 

Lakshmi Aunty was her mother’s colleague, who stopped working when she married into a rich family. She now lived in a large bungalow which Amala noticed with amazement even had a small lily pond with a fountain. The prosperity was visible everywhere in the old furniture, though old school enough not to be brash. The large living room was tinkling with the bangles, and the jasmine in the women’s hair and rosewater in silver sprinklers added their layers of fragrance to the delicious smells wafting from the kitchen. Normally, Amala hated being dragged to social occasions but in the wonder of the large house and gardens with fragrant roses, malathi and pogada flower creepers along the walls and the bough of trumpet vines, Amala was stilled. 

 

With a shock Amala realized that the moan had cascaded into screaming by the time they were back. This time, the adults looked more than a little concerned themselves. Sarojini Aunty was going to stay with them overnight, and Doctor Aunty dropped by. 

 

“Shocking, not taking the poor thing to a doctor!”

“I told them at the last checkup that she would need weekly checkups in her final trimester. If they didn’t want to pay my fees, I said I would recommend my friend Nirmala at the government hospital!” Doctor Aunty’s voice rose with indignation. “The poor orphan! All the family wanted to do was wash their hands off her to the first available groom and Malathi is struggling in childbirth.”

 

Malathi! The name gave her a jolt of recognition. Ever since she was a child, Amala remembered Malathi. In her earliest memories, Malathi used to be rushing between the home of her grandmother and her aunt, always clutching a tiffin carrier or a steel box. When playing with her doll kitchen utensils, Amala would pick up a tiny steel container and hold one of her dolls and mimic Malathi’s rushing movements. Amala never understood why these copious exchanges of food were such everyday occurrences and Malathi always seemed to be rushed off her feet. Amala dimly remembered Malathi was married some years ago and moved to another town where her husband lived. They seemed to have missed the actual event, given it took place in the summer, when Amala’s family was always busy with travel and family visits. 

 

It was somehow unspoken that they did not much socialize with the people who lived on the street where they lived. Amala’s parents were better educated and most of their friends lived in the better part of town with tree lined streets, wide roads, and spacious parks. Amala’s mother was quick to point out they were only renting this place as it was walking distance to her workplace and kids’ schools, and it was a pity they had to live here and not in their own home which was rented out, being too far for her work. This street was part of the old town, where most people owned businesses, who Amala’s grandmother dismissively characterized as tradespeople. Living in the cramped and narrow streets, Amala never questioned how they lived next door to people they barely talked to. This seemed part of the invisible social code that governed their lives, and they were never supposed to evince much interest in what happened to their neighbors. 

 

Malathi was an orphan who lived with her uncle’s family. The crumbling old home housed Malathi’s grandmother, her uncle’s family, a spinster aunt who gave singing lessons. Malathi’s married aunt lived around the corner in an old but more prosperous looking home. Malathi’s mother died and Malathi was sent to live with her mother’s family. An air of sorrow and despair seemed to cling over the house, whether it was because of the sister’s death or the generally rumored decaying family finances, Amala did not know. The home was known in the neighborhood as “Vanajamma teacher’s house” because of the lady, Vanaja who gave singing lessons. With a shock, Amala realized that the pregnant woman, her body stooped by the weight of the child she was carrying, that she saw on the courtyard the other day must have been Malathi.

 

Doctor Aunty’s practice was a sitting room and a small surgery room. This was not the future she wanted for herself, Doctor Aunty would say. Yet, when she became a mother, and with the constraints of her own family, it seemed better to run her own practice and keep her own hours. Amala could only dimly understand the conversation around her, but it appeared Malathi was in childbirth and her family wanted her to have a homebirth, without a doctor visit. 

 

The three women seemed disturbed and were passionately discussing maternal care. Between the conversation and her excitement all day, Amala fell asleep despite the unceasing screams and the frustration from the three women. 

 

**

 

When Amala woke up next morning, it was like the screams were never there. Without her asking, Amma said, “so they finally took the poor child to the general hospital! Better late than never!” 

 

The morning floated by in a rush. Amma sent Jogarao, her lab attendant, over to Subbaih’s for pesarattu upma since they had a visitor staying with them. Amala was deputed to help with setting out the breakfast, and the murmurs of the women mingled with the excitement of ordering in an elaborate breakfast on a weekday. 

 

Malathi was going to be alright, thought Amala. Though, strictly speaking, Amala did not exchange any remarks beyond a perfunctory “bagunnava (how are you?)” to Malathi, Amala remembered what a bright smile Malathi would have when she saw Amala and Sundari returning from nursery school. It was reassuring to think Malathi would be admitted to a hospital, the way women in her family had always done. On the way to school, she reported her observations about Lakshmi Aunty’s home to Sundari, who had apparently visited it herself not too long ago. 

 

 

*****

 

Amala did not think much about Malathi the next couple of days. Amidst her impending tests and science day, and Sundari’s cousin Rajeswari, who turned out to be a wise city child with many observations of her own, her own thoughts and preoccupations did not amount to much. The girls in Amala’s class scrambled to make friends with the newcomer and recruit her into their own cliques. Amala submitted to the implicit social order, like she always did, and found herself in the popular group with Sundari and her cousin. Apparently being friends with Sundari from nursery school conferred her an advantage in the social hierarchy.  

 

It was only on the third day, Amala remembered that Malathi should have been home by now. “Amma, how is Malathi’s baby?” she shouted as she skipped back from school.A shadow darkened Amma’s brow. 

 

“The child did not survive,” Amma said. “The mother is doing fine, thank God.” 

 

“But..”Amala began. The sentence was not formed in her head.

 

“Do your maths homework, Amala. You seem to be completely engrossed with Rajeswari and the popular girls!” reprimanded Amma. So Amma had noticed after all. 

 

Amala felt an unspeakable sorrow. She bent over her math but could not reconcile in her own mind the two different Malathis -a young woman in unbearable pain, having lost what she hoped would be her first child in childbirth, with the joyful teenager she remembered flitting between homes. 

 

Amma pressed her women’s association members into action, and they and Doctor Aunty would offer medical resources and help to the grieving family of Malathi. 

 

For the next few days, Amala avoided walking past Vanajamma teacher’s home. She avoided asking about Malathi. Mornings she would leave earlier and go to Sundari’s home, and they would walk to school together. 

 

A week after Malathi was rushed to the hospital, Amala stepped out onto the courtyard at dawn. She had woken up earlier than usual, and liked watching the street transform from its pre-dawn haze to the hurdy-gurdy of the morning bustle. At this early hour, some of the women who lived on this street, or their maids for women like her mother, would be sprinkling the dusty thresholds with water and ornamenting it with muggu.  

 

There was a woman on the opposite side of the street drawing a muggu. It was Malathi. Except Malathi was not crying or grief struck in any way that Amala could understand.

 

She finished the muggu, stopped to exchange remarks with a neighbor on her side of the street, then calmly picked up the muggu can and broom and stepped inside. Amala half expected Malathi to shortly emerge holding a tiffin carrier and set out to her Aunt’s place. 

 

For many days after, Amala could not shake the image off. In her young mind, she could not fathom what she was seeing, and how Malathi was able to go on with her life. 


It was only many years later, taking care of her own children, she would reflect on what strength and grace it took for the young woman to cope with an unthinkable loss. 

 

 

Author’s Notes:

 

This was based on something I witnessed myself as a child. I tried to write from a small child’s vantage point and based on my recollection of events. As a child, it was hard to connect the pieces, and it took me a couple of days to understand this was someone going through childbirth. It took me even longer to understand that the child did not survive and that the mother had the immensely heartbreaking experience of surviving a stillborn child. Its only now with hindsight and from life experience, I understand the lack of adequate care to the young woman and that millions of women worldwide go through childbirth without the benefit of trained medical help.  

 

Tuesday, February 1, 2022

My Personal Odyssey!

I was very touched by all the lovely messages and congratulations pouring in from everyone, so I decided to do something I have never done before. I wanted to share my personal journey and what shaped me become the person I am today.  

Growing up, my parents worked in two different cities. My dad worked in Mumbai, while I did most of my schooling in a town called Kakinada (in the state of Andhra Pradesh), which was back then a sleepy little town, where my mother was employed. When I was in 10th grade, my parents decided to buy a house in a semi-rural area called Valasapakala, which was connected to the town of Kakinada through what could best be described as an extremely spotty means of transportation. While my parents’ decision may have been based on the tranquility and visions of a salubrious quality of life living among the rice fields of Valasapakala, life as it turned out had other plans. What followed was 3-4 years of extreme financial hardship for my family, which had unexpected effects on my life. 


 

In those days we had very limited career options if your family belonged to the struggling middle classes. You had to opt for a professional education. What that meant was two years of grinding and intense preparation through high school to get admission into an engineering school. In my case, given the number of science and engineering graduates in my extended family, the only option was to aspire for an engineering degree. I studied in an all-girls school through high school. Most of my classmates did not really have professional aspirations. However, my mother was an accomplished writer and a role model for many, so I never hesitated about aspiring to higher education. 

 

In my 11th and 12th classes my daily routine consisted of waking up early, practicing math problems, cycling to “maths” coaching class in a different town. The classes would start at 7 am, sometimes even 6 am. In those days, a popular option for commuting were “mopeds” -two wheelers that provided an alternative to spotty and almost non-existent public transportation.  My family could not afford the Rs. 5000 (less than 70 dollars, not adjusting for inflation and cost of living adjustments) to buy me a moped, nor the cost of petrol that would be needed. Some days I would have to cycle for a good 30 minutes at least to attend some coaching class or the other. Then I would cycle back home and eat a hurried breakfast before catching a privately operated bus that would take me to the junior college where I did my 11th and 12th. Some other days, I had a different set of coaching class. Those were the times in my life I walked half an hour to catch a bus, attend a coaching class, then walk another half an hour after the coaching class to catch another bus that would be take me to my junior college. 

 

I still remember with nostalgia the days I would board those private buses plying between dusty little hamlets and towns. The “Number 10” bus that would take me from home to college was perpetually in a state of repair. I must say the bus drivers and operators were extremely creative in how they would handle maintenance emergencies, changing wheels and tires by the roadside with consummate ease with the passengers still sitting inside. Early mornings it was commonplace to see women boarding with a fresh catch of fish that would be sold in the town market, and later in the days it would be farmworkers selling their produce in the “big market” in the town. It was not uncommon to see a squalling chicken or two. During the harvest season, the newly harvested paddy would be spread out on the roads, a creative and energy efficient alternative to threshing machines. 

 

Somehow in between the walks and bus rides and cycle routes, something changed in my life. I studied in a convent school till 10th grade and hated how math was taught. Suddenly in junior college, math and science suddenly seemed wondrous and full of possibilities. I was always a precocious reader and read extensively, but I began to understand the joy of learning concepts and learnt to connect the dots. I started enjoying the thrill of solving math problems -the frustration when you almost grasp a concept but not quite, the magical moment of clarity when everything comes together, the pleasure of having completed a proof and the sense of a minor accomplishment, however fleeting. What was also different was that I was largely left to my own devices, given that I used to leave home very early and come back very late in the evening. I used to bunk classes and sit under some tree or the other in my junior college and attempt to solve problems. Having lots of unstructured time and being free from parental supervision and micromanaging helped hone my thinking, sharpened my focus and my reasoning. 




 

Somehow, I took it into my head that I would try to get into one of the IITs -an almost unthinkable pipedream, living where I was and the very meagre resources I could command. To crack the JEE to get into an IIT required two plus years of dedicated preparation. Most of the students, I should say 90-95% of those admitted into IITs, came from large metropolitan backgrounds where they attended dedicated coaching centers that trained them in the art of solving those arcane problems necessary to get through the dreaded JEE. The handful of folks who were not from big cities still came from large towns with coaching facilities. Besides, almost all those folks who got into IIT had one thing in common- their gender. IIT was an almost exclusively male bastion. IITs had less than 5% women in their classes. For boys in high school, it was common to have a peer group where everyone worked together in solving those JEE style problems. I was a young girl, living in a small village, working completely on my own. I had no tutors for JEE, no peer group, no one to compare notes on what I did correct or what I got wrong. All I had was an interest in solving problems and a strong sense that I needed to have some aspirations for myself. 

 


For generations of Indians, who either due to parental pressure or self-imposed masochism yearned to attend an IIT, the JEE was a rite of passage. I remember the time spent on log tables (calculators were not allowed in those dark ages), questions on projectiles and pulleys, calculating the rate of acceleration of blocks placed on other blocks and random problems on coin tosses (pun intended). I used to remember short cuts for complex multiplication and division and even remember having memorized some commonly used log tables for speedier calculations. Parts of it were fun, parts of it were sheer drudgery, but in my case, preparing for the JEE was a way to concentrate my energies into a pretty tangible goal, and one that would change the trajectory of my life.

 

Miraculously for me, everything worked out at the end of those high school years. I was a top ranker in my state in the engineering entrance and in my state board exams and did get admission to IIT. If I were a character in a movie, there would be an aria playing in C major by the time I finished my high school. I was one of the youngest kids from elementary through high school. I left home before I turned 17. In the decades hence, I traveled the world and have met with everyone from corporate leaders to media personalities. I took classes with a Nobel laurate and co-authored with academics who worked with Nobelists. While I have come far from the days of boarding the number 10 bus with thoughts of math problems swimming in my head, sometimes I look back and think that the naïve, but determined, 15 year old - who wanted to read everything and was undaunted by any knotty math problem – was and still is my most authentic self! 


 

Sunday, February 12, 2012

RIP IIT Joint Entrance Exam (JEE)

For generations of Indians, who either due to parental pressure or self-imposed masochism yearned to attend IIT, the JEE was a rite of passage.  I remember the time spent on log tables (calculators were not allowed in those dark ages), questions on projectiles and pulleys, calculating the rate of acceleration of blocks placed on other blocks, random questions on coin tosses (pun intended).

Parts of it were fun, parts of it sheer drudgery, and the most important thing of all was the cost imposed in terms of spending a one year plus of your life preparing for an exam that would have almost no relevance for what you want to do for the rest of your life. Some of those questions did call for creative and out of the box thinking, but creativity would have been far better cultivated by spending more time on things other than JEE prep. I wish we had an aptitude test for engineering instead of testing basic concepts in physics and math. The sad thing is that, I doubt whether the current testing would represent any improvement over the JEE. Remains to be seen!

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

Some thoughts on reading the Steve Jobs biography by Walter Isaacson

Steve Jobs is almost a textbook example of how not to be a CEO. He didnt care about consensus, he was ruthless, and highly emotional - I lost count of the number of times the phrase "Jobs cried" appears in the book.

To balance the volatile temperament, though, he had an uncanny sense of what works and what doesnt, and was exceptionally good at spotting ideas and talent - with a more normal individual in charge, the movie Toy Story wouldnt have been made, Pixar in current form wouldn't have existed, there would be no "Think Different" or "1984" ads, Apple wouldnt have moved into retailing - the list of audacious bets made by Apple and Jobs goes on, and he was right every time.

The thing I enjoyed the most was reading about all the different individuals responsible for so many of Apple's products and functions. Steve Jobs had a vision of the Apple offering an end-to-end experience to the customer, and to that end, they had exceptional coordination between all the divisions within Apple - his belief in "deep collaboration" and "concurrent engineering"  - a lot of large companies actually end up being victims of their own success once they cross a certain threshold, and thats a trap Apple avoided..

Quoting the book: "Our method was to develop integrated products, and that mean out process had to be integrated and collaborative," Jobs said." This is a great example of how organizational architecture matching product architecture! More on this on a later post

Saturday, October 8, 2011

The Engineer as Artist: Some thoughts on Steve Jobs!


Picture: Apple's patented Active Packaging

The first time I bought an iPod was a revelation. The revelation was not the iPod itself, which is a great product, but the way the iPod was packaged. Starting with the Designed in California logo, the impossibly clean lines and minimalistic style as the product comes into view was dubbed by an industrial design magazine as a “ballet of unwrapping.”

The iPod packaging, at least to me, represented performance that you expect from a chef unveiling his prize creation. Masaharu Morimoto of Iron Chef fame comes to mind. Of course high-end retailers understood this for a long time. Witness Tiffany with their signature boxes. However, this was not something that technology companies were necessarily known for.

Most of our waking hours are spent interacting with technological devices, and indeed with multiple devices at a time as we surf content on our ipads while talking on an iPhone and simultaneously conducting an online meeting on a Macbook Pro! We are, whether we realize or not, highly involved with technology as it permeates almost every aspect of our lives. And yet, most of the high tech companies relegated design and user interaction to the sidelines.

One of the popular videos of 2005 (at least among geeks) was a very clever parody video titled “Microsoft redesigns iPod packaging” with an endlessly cluttered package - features list, discounts, product warranties, brand messages, third party endorsements – the list goes on. This parody captures everything about the aesthetics of high technology companies, which is, that they have none.

Apple was of course the anti-thesis of engineering with the emphasis on function and product features. This brings me to Steve Jobs, who was anointed by the New York Times as the “tastemaker of modern digital culture.” Steve Jobs didn't really come up with all these ideas.  Portable MP3 players, tablets and all the other cool innovations have existed for a while. Many have pointed out that Wozniak was the brains behind Apple. Malcolm Gladwell has a marvelous article in the New Yorker about how Apple essentially re-used the idea of the mouse that was originally conceptualized at the Xerox PARC. Steve Jobs himself, misquoting Picasso, said something to the effect that good artists copy and great artists steal.

In fact the newer generation iPods have even better packaging and have won myriads of design awards. Designer Sverre Oberg is responsible for the matchbox ipod package, which also doubles as a charger. Does any other high tech company have a designer who is solely responsible for designing a package?

It took Steve Jobs to insist that a plastic touch screen on an iPhone would be perceived as a design flaw and that iPhones should have glass screens. On Google Plus, I came across this marvelous story of Steve Jobs calling up Google’s Vic Gundotra during a weekend. The reason? Steve Jobs was concerned that the Google logo on the iPhone Google app need to be fixed since “the second O in Google doesn't have the right yellow gradient.” Steve Jobs in an interview said that the use of proportionately spaced fonts in Apple products comes from observing typesetting.

It is this synthesis of form and function, engineering as aesthetic art that, to me at least, is embodied by Steve Jobs. That technology is beautiful and humanizing, that the computer is a marvelous general purpose device that lets us explore ourselves, enabling connected individuals to scan for extraterrestrial intelligence, to decode the human genome, to usher us in a democratic revolution in an area of the world dominated by authoritarian regimes..

Engineering and liberal arts, especially in the US, seem to operate across an almost unbridgeable chasm. Engineers are parodied as social misfits, tongue-tied, lacking social graces and obsessed with Star Wars and video games (of course if you read Malcolm Gladwell on video games they promote the development of skills you would certainly need the next time you were trapped all alone in a an Amazonian jungle!). Apple changed all that, before the current social media revolution, and indeed made it possible for the current generation of technology entrepreneurs to enjoy rock star like status.

Steve Jobs said of Bill Gates in 1997, “he and Microsoft are a bit narrow." Maybe this assessment is not meant to be taken too seriously, in light of Bill Gates’ enormous contributions to addressing poverty and eradicate diseases through the Bill Gates foundation, but it does contain a grain of truth. Steve Jobs took calligraphy lessons at Reed College, loved reading Shakespeare, hung out with musicians, and practiced Buddhism. Of course some of the stories we hear are the result of his showmanship and marketing acumen, the Steve Jobs “reality distortion field” parodied in popular culture. It’s still nice to imagine a world where liberal arts meet engineering, in the tradition of da Vinci who was a scientist, engineer and artist.  

(I'm not including any citations and footnotes in the spirit of minimalism)

Thank you Steve Jobs for setting a great example of an engineer as an artist!

Saturday, August 27, 2011

The Patent Wars

NPR recently quoted an entrepreneur who said that almost 30 percent of patents awarded in the US are on things that have already been invented!

http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/07/26/138576167/when-patents-attack